View source for Psychology of hitchhiking

The wide range of personal contact while hitchhiking makes this an interesting topic to psychological issues. From the motivations of hitchhikers and drivers to apply theories to reduce waiting times as many modern hitchhikers want to be fast and efficient. The large amount of hitchhikers that keep records, note the amount of lifts and waiting times. Especially, in Western Europe many people hitchhike on petrol stations by approaching potential drivers. Therefore, it is important to approach people in an efficient way. Nevertheless, even while thumbing next to the road, a driver has to decide in a fraction of a second if s/he is going to stop or not. 

== Motivation of Hitchhiker to hitch ==

== Motivation of Driver to pick up a hitchhiker ==
* Loneliness 
* Has been hitchhiking in the past. From my past talks to drivers I conclude that already a couple of times of hitchhiking (or unsuccessful attempts to hitchhike) are enough to pick up other people. 

== Ways to be picked up faster ==
* 'Mark Snyder and his co-workers (1974) found that hitchhikers doubled the number of ride offers by looking drivers straight in the eye. A personal approach, as my panhandler knew, makes one feel less anonymous, more responsible.' (Source: Social Psychology, Myers. p.503 Social Relations)
* The decision by a drive is made in a fraction of a moment: it is easier for people when you can be categorized easily (e.g. as student that does not have money or as traveller with a big backpacks that hast interesting stories). For this reason many hitchhikers use signs, even they would not be necessary, to be clearly identified as a hitchhiker (and not as somebody that just comes out of the bushes). Show both hands openly and do not hide them in your pockets. Be open and honest. People in the same group as you are will ‘judge’ you more as they have more reference points.
* It might be worth to ask people first a question they clearly agree on or make them compliments in another way (car, jacket and other tastes) before asking them for a lift (self-affirmation theory, Steele, 1988). To make people laugh first should work as well. 
* [[Speed Hitchhiking]] builds on the idea of priming. Thereby two hitchhikers place themselves with about 50m distance from each other next to the road.
=== Variables of influence might be ===
* gender 
* sex
* company 
* dress 
* eye contact 
* location 
* gesture 
* time of day, dependency 
* secondary gendered characteristics 
* socio-economic environment

== Literature on this topic ==
* Connecticut Legislative Committee, 1975; Report of the “Committee To Study The Solicitation Of Rides On Motor Vehicles”, Connecticut.
* Chesters, Graeme and Smith, David, 2001; “The Neglected Art of Hitch-hiking: Risk, Trust and Sustainability”, Sociological Research Online 6/3.
* Crassweller Peter, et. al., 1972; “An Experimental Investigation of Hitchhiking”, The Journal of Psychology 82, pp. 43-47.
* DiMaggio, Paul, 1971; Sociability and the Hitchhiker; unpublished honours thesis, Swarthmore College, Pennsylvania.
* Dallmeyer, Kenneth D. et.al., 1975; Hitchhiking: a viable addition to a multimodal transportation system? , Center for Urban Transportation Studies, University of Colorado at Denver.
* Fiedler, Joachim, et. al., 1989; Anhalterwesen und Anhaltergefahren: unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des “Kurztrampens”, BKA-Forschungsreihe Sonderband, Bundeskriminalamt Wiesbaden.
* Franzoi, Stephen, 1985; “Personality Characteristics of the Cross Country Hitchhiker”, Adolescence 20, pp. 655-668.
* Grundstad, Robert, 1982; Anti-hitchhiking Laws, Legislative Research, Legislative Administration Committee, Salem Oregon.
* Pudinski, W., 1974; California Crimes and Accidents Associated with Hitch-hiking, California Highway Patrol, Operational Analysis Section.
* Rinvolucri, Mario, 1974; Hitch-hiking, self published, London.
* Schlebecker, John T., 1958; “An Informal History of Hitchhiking”, The Historian 20, pp.305-327
* Tobin, Nona and Sexton, Sam, 1972; Attitudes toward and the effects of physical variables on hitchhiking, unpublished masters thesis, California State University, San Jose.
* http://bernd.wechner.info/Hitchhiking/Suite101/Article/?81 
* http://bernd.wechner.info/Hitchhiking/Suite101/Article/Article71.html

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